{"id":639,"date":"2022-10-11T20:12:41","date_gmt":"2022-10-11T20:12:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/maitripa.org\/library\/?page_id=639"},"modified":"2026-07-23T18:01:15","modified_gmt":"2026-07-23T18:01:15","slug":"classical-tibetan","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/maitripa.org\/library\/subject-guides\/classical-tibetan\/","title":{"rendered":"Classical Tibetan"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-1 fusion-flex-container has-pattern-background has-mask-background nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:104%;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-0 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:1.92%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:10px;--awb-spacing-left-large:1.92%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-1\"><blockquote>\n<p>\u201cStudying Tibetan language at the textual level is one of the best ways to learn the practice and philosophy of Tibetan Buddhism.\u201d&nbsp;&nbsp; &#8212; <a href=\"https:\/\/maitripa.org\/jose-ignacio-cabezon\/\">Jos\u00e9 Ignacio Cabez\u00f3n, PhD<\/a><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-2 fusion-flex-container has-pattern-background has-mask-background nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:104%;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-1 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:1.92%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:10px;--awb-spacing-left-large:1.92%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-2\"><h5>&nbsp;<a href=\"#Dictionaries\">Dictionaries, Grammars, Tools <\/a>&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <a href=\"#texts\">Buddhist Texts: Databases, Catalogs, Digital Libraries<\/a>&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp; <a href=\"#translation\">Translation and Translating<\/a>&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp; <a href=\"#programs\">Tibetan Language Programs<\/a>&nbsp;<\/h5>\n<hr>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-3 fusion-flex-container has-pattern-background has-mask-background nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:104%;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-2 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:1.92%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:10px;--awb-spacing-left-large:1.92%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-menu-anchor\" id=\"dictionaries\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-3\"><h3>Dictionaries, Grammars, Tools<\/h3>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-4\"><ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lotsawahouse.org\/Cgi\/phugpa.pl\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Calendar Converter<\/a> &#8212; Tibetan-Western<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/@UTorontoClassicalTibetan\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Classical Tibetan Language Lab<\/a> &#8212; Classical Tibetan language instructional (University of Toronto)<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/wiki.learntibetanlanguage.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Classical Tibetan Wiki<\/a> &#8212; resources for Classical Tibetan grammar (Andrew Hughes)<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/digitaltibetan.github.io\/DigitalTibetan\/main.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Digital Tibetan<\/a> &#8212; Information and tools for working with digital Tibetan<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thlib.org\/reference\/transliteration\/wyconverter.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Online Transliteration Converter<\/a>&nbsp; \u2013 Unicode-Wylie (Tibetan &amp; Himalayan Library)<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/rywiki.tsadra.org\/index.php\/Main_Page\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Rangjung Yeshe Dharma Dictionary<\/a> &#8212; Tibetan-English dictionary, Dharma glossaries, Resources<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/dictionary.christian-steinert.de\/#home\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Tibetan-English Dictionary<\/a> (Christian Steinert)<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/bum-pa-mi-rtag-pa.site\/dictionary\/#\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Tibetan Classical and Colloquial Translation Dictionary<\/a> (Hughes)<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thlib.org\/reference\/dictionaries\/tibetan-dictionary\/translate.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Tibetan to English Translation Tool<\/a> (THL)<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/collab.its.virginia.edu\/wiki\/tibetan-script\/Tise.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">TISE<\/a> &#8211; Tibetan Wylie Input Utility for Windows<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tsadra.org\/digital-media\/resources-tools\/#Translation%20Group%20Websites\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Tsadra Foundation Resources &amp; Tools<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/resources.christian-steinert.de\/download\/WylieTransliteration.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wylie Transliteration Overview<\/a>&nbsp;(Steinert)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: left\">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; _________________________________<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>Hackett Paul G. 2019.&nbsp;<i>Tibetan Verb Lexicon: Second Edition Updated and Expanded<\/i>. Shambhala. <a href=\"https:\/\/maitripa.populiweb.com\/router\/library\/resources\/13313582\/show\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">JABL<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Magee, William and Elizabeth Napper. 1993. <em>Fluent Tibetan: A Proficiency Oriented Learning System<\/em>. Snow Lion Publications. <a href=\"https:\/\/maitripa.populiweb.com\/library\/resource.php?resourceID=8307547\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">JABL<\/a>&nbsp;(<a href=\"https:\/\/www.shambhala.com\/fluenttibetan\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">audio files<\/a>)<\/li>\n<li>Preston, Craig. 2005. <em>How to Read Classical Tibetan<\/em>. Snow Lion Publications. <a href=\"https:\/\/maitripa.populiweb.com\/library\/resource.php?resourceID=8310061\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">JABL<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Wilson, Joe. 1992. <em>Translating Buddhism from Tibetan<\/em>. Snow Lion Publications. <a href=\"https:\/\/maitripa.populiweb.com\/library\/resource.php?resourceID=8310067\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">JABL<\/a>&nbsp;(<a href=\"https:\/\/www.shambhala.com\/translatingbuddhism\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">audio files<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shambhala.com\/media\/wysiwyg\/Translating%20Buddhism%20from%20Tibetan_audio%20guide.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">guide<\/a>)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-4 fusion-flex-container has-pattern-background has-mask-background nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:104%;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-3 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:1.92%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:10px;--awb-spacing-left-large:1.92%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-menu-anchor\" id=\"texts\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-5\"><h3 style=\"text-align: left\">Buddhist Texts: Databases, Catalogs, Digital Libraries<\/h3>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-6\"><ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/84000.co\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">84,000<\/a> &#8212; Kangyur<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/adarshah.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Adarshah<\/a> &#8212; Kangyur, Tengyur, Sungbum, and Yungdrung Bon works<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/asianlegacylibrary.org\/library\/portal\/#\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Asian Legacy Library Portal<\/a> &#8212; Catalogs, scans, input, and translations for Himalaya and Inner Asia, South Asia, and East Asia Collections<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/databases.aibs.columbia.edu\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Buddhist Canons Research Database<\/a> (AIBS and Columbia University) &#8212; Bibliographic information and full-text search 5,000 texts<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bdrc.io\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Buddhist Digital Resource Center (BDRC)<\/a> &#8212; Digitized, cataloged, and archived over 17 million pages of Buddhist literature<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/ltwaresource.info\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Digital Library of Library of Tibetan Works and Archives<\/a> (LTWA) \u2013 Digitized collection of 3000+ rare and sacred manuscripts from the LTWA collection<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.dsbcproject.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Digital Sanskrit Buddhist Canon<\/a> \u2013 Original Sanskrit scriptures, over 600 texts<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.dharmadownload.net\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Darma Downloads<\/a> \u2013 Text collections, puja texts, audio, teachings<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/jangchuplamrim.org\/tibetan-lamrim-texts\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Jangchub Lamrim Texts<\/a> &#8212; Critical editions of all 18 Lamrim texts (5 vols), which His Holiness the Dalai Lama gave&nbsp;His discourse on during the Jangchup Lamrim Teachings.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lotsawahouse.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Lotsawa House<\/a> &#8212; Tibetan texts and translations<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tsadra.org\/digital-media\/digital-resources\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Tsadra Foundation Digital Resources<\/a> \u2013 Publications and catalogs<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/uma-tibet.org\/index-2a.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">UMA-Tibet<\/a> &#8212; Annotated translations of textbook literature in English and Chinese<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-5 fusion-flex-container has-pattern-background has-mask-background nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:104%;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-4 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:1.92%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:10px;--awb-spacing-left-large:1.92%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-menu-anchor\" id=\"translation\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-7\"><h3 style=\"text-align: left\">Translation and Translating<\/h3>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-8\"><ul>\n<li>Cabez\u00f3n, Jos\u00e9 Ignacio, chair. \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=YPsVqpyb_2s\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Translating the Dharma<\/a>.\u201d <em>2010 International Conference on Tibetan Buddhism, Emory University<\/em>. \u2013 Jeffrey Hopkins and Thupten Jinpa, keynote speakers; Gerardo Abboud, Sarah Harding, Timothy McNeill, and Geshe Dadul Namgyal, panelists.<\/li>\n<li>Doboom Tulku, ed. 1995. <em>Buddhist Translation: Problems and Perspectives<\/em>. Manohar. (Includes chapters by Cabez\u00f3n, Napper, Ruegg, Wilson, and other noted scholars) (<a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/1234%20%20567buddhisttranslationsproblemsandperspectivesdoboomtulku_202002\/mode\/1up?view=theater\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">archive.org<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/maitripa.populiweb.com\/library\/resource.php?resourceID=8318941\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">JABL<\/a>)<\/li>\n<li>Hackett Paul G. 2019.&nbsp;<i>Learning Classical Tibetan: A Reader for Translating Buddhist Texts<\/i>. Snow Lion. <a href=\"https:\/\/maitripa.populiweb.com\/router\/library\/resources\/13107560\/show\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">JABL<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Jinpa, Thupten. [n.d.] <em>Thupten Jinpa on The Art of Translating Tibetan<\/em>. A Wisdom Masterclass. (<a href=\"https:\/\/wisdomexperience.org\/masterclass-tibetan-translation-l1\/\">wisdomexperience.org<\/a>)<\/li>\n<li>Ruegg, David Seyfort. 2016. &#8220;On Translating Buddhist Texts: A Survey and Some Reflections.&#8221; In Wangchuk Dorji, ed. <em>Cross-cultural Transmission of Buddhist Texts: Theories and Practices of Translation<\/em>. Department of Indian and Tibetan Studies, Universita\u0308t Hamburg. (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.academia.edu\/33699762\/On_Translating_Buddhist_Texts_A_Survey_and_Some_Reflections_2016_\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">academia.edu<\/a>)<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/conference.tsadra.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Translation and Transmission<\/a> (Tsadra Foundation) &#8212; Meetings and conferences themed around the transmission of Tibetan Buddhism.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-6 fusion-flex-container has-pattern-background has-mask-background nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:104%;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-5 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:1.92%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:10px;--awb-spacing-left-large:1.92%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-menu-anchor\" id=\"programs\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-9\"><h3 style=\"text-align: left\">Tibetan Language Programs<\/h3>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-10\"><ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thedharmafarm.net\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Dharma Farm&nbsp;<\/a>\u2013 Classical Tibetan translation school founded by Bill Magee and Craig Preston<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/tibetanlibrary.org\/tibetan-language-courses\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Library of Tibetan Works and Archives Language Courses&nbsp;<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lrztp.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Lotsawa Rinchen Translator Program<\/a> &#8212; Colloquial and Classical Tibetan<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/ryi.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Rangjung Yeshe Institute<\/a> \u2013 Colloquial and Classical Tibetan, Sanskrit, Nepali<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/ubcsanskrit.ca\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">UBC Sanskrit Learning Tools<\/a> &#8212; University of British Columbia<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tibetanlanguage.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Tibetan Language Institute&nbsp;<\/a>\u2013 David Curtis<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-7 fusion-flex-container has-pattern-background has-mask-background nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-background-color:#f1f1f1;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:104%;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-6 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-blend:overlay;--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:1.92%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:0px;--awb-spacing-left-large:1.92%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-11\"><p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<hr>\n<h5 style=\"text-align: center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/maitripa.org\/library\/subject-guides\/bodhisattva-ethics\/\">Bodhisattva Ethics<\/a>&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp; <a href=\"https:\/\/maitripa.org\/library\/subject-guides\/buddha-nature\/\">Buddha Nature<\/a>&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp; <a href=\"https:\/\/maitripa.org\/library\/subject-guides\/buddhist-psychology\/\">Buddhist Psychology<\/a>&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp; <a href=\"https:\/\/maitripa.org\/library\/subject-guides\/calm-abiding\/\">Calm Abiding<\/a> &nbsp; |&nbsp; &nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/maitripa.org\/library\/subject-guides\/chittamatra\/\">Chittamatra<\/a>&nbsp; &nbsp;|&nbsp; &nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/maitripa.org\/library\/subject-guides\/classical-tibetan-texts-and-translation\/\">Classical Tibetan<\/a>&nbsp; &nbsp;|&nbsp;&nbsp; <a href=\"https:\/\/maitripa.org\/library\/subject-guides\/death-and-dying\/\">Death and Dying<\/a> &nbsp; |&nbsp; <a href=\"https:\/\/maitripa.org\/library\/subject-guides\/history-of-buddhism-in-india-and-tibet\/\">History of Buddhism in India and Tibet&nbsp;<\/a> &nbsp;|&nbsp; &nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/maitripa.org\/library\/subject-guides\/kangyur-and-tengyur\/\">Kangyur and Tengyur<\/a>&nbsp; |&nbsp; <a href=\"https:\/\/maitripa.org\/library\/subject-guides\/lama-tsongkhapa-life-and-works\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Lama Tsongkhapa: Life and Works<\/a>&nbsp; &nbsp;|&nbsp; &nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/maitripa.org\/library\/subject-guides\/lamrim\/\">Lamrim<\/a>&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp; <a href=\"https:\/\/maitripa.org\/library\/subject-guides\/lojong\/\">Lojong<\/a>&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp; <a href=\"https:\/\/maitripa.org\/library\/subject-guides\/madhyamaka\/\">Madhyamaka<\/a> &nbsp; |&nbsp; <a href=\"https:\/\/maitripa.org\/library\/subject-guides\/ganden-kagyu-mahamudra\/\">Mahamudra<\/a> &nbsp; |&nbsp; <a href=\"https:\/\/maitripa.org\/library\/subject-guides\/nalanda-masters\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Nalanda Masters<\/a>&nbsp; |&nbsp; <a href=\"https:\/\/maitripa.org\/library\/subject-guides\/research-and-writing-guide\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Research and Writing Guide<\/a>&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/maitripa.org\/library\/subject-guides\/six-session-guru-yoga-and-highest-yoga-tantra-empowerment\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Six-Session Guru Yoga<\/a>&nbsp; &nbsp;|&nbsp; &nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/maitripa.org\/library\/subject-guides\/songs-of-realization\/\">Songs of Realization<\/a>&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp; <a href=\"https:\/\/maitripa.org\/library\/subject-guides\/tantra-in-tibet\/\">Tantra in Tibet<\/a>&nbsp; |&nbsp; <a href=\"https:\/\/maitripa.org\/library\/subject-guides\/theories-and-methods-of-buddhist-studies\/\">Theories and Methods in Buddhist Studies<\/a>&nbsp; &nbsp;|&nbsp; &nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/maitripa.org\/library\/subject-guides\/tibetan-medicine\/\">Tibetan Medicine<\/a><\/h5>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":950,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-639","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.2 (Yoast SEO v28.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Classical Tibetan - Maitripa College Library<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/maitripa.org\/library\/subject-guides\/classical-tibetan\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Classical Tibetan\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/maitripa.org\/library\/subject-guides\/classical-tibetan\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Maitripa College Library\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-07-23T18:01:15+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/maitripa.org\\\/library\\\/subject-guides\\\/classical-tibetan\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/maitripa.org\\\/library\\\/subject-guides\\\/classical-tibetan\\\/\",\"name\":\"Classical Tibetan - Maitripa College Library\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"\\\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2022-10-11T20:12:41+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-07-23T18:01:15+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/maitripa.org\\\/library\\\/subject-guides\\\/classical-tibetan\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/maitripa.org\\\/library\\\/subject-guides\\\/classical-tibetan\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/maitripa.org\\\/library\\\/subject-guides\\\/classical-tibetan\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/maitripa.org\\\/library\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Subject Guides\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/maitripa.org\\\/library\\\/subject-guides\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"Classical Tibetan\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"\\\/\",\"name\":\"Maitripa College Library\",\"description\":\"James A. 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