{"id":1602,"date":"2023-11-07T22:11:42","date_gmt":"2023-11-07T22:11:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/maitripa.org\/library\/?page_id=1602"},"modified":"2026-08-18T17:12:10","modified_gmt":"2026-08-18T17:12:10","slug":"history-of-buddhism-in-india-and-tibet","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/maitripa.org\/library\/subject-guides\/history-of-buddhism-in-india-and-tibet\/","title":{"rendered":"History of Buddhism in India and Tibet"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-1 fusion-flex-container has-pattern-background has-mask-background nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:104%;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-0 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column fusion-flex-align-self-flex-start\" style=\"--awb-padding-top:0px;--awb-padding-right:0px;--awb-padding-bottom:0px;--awb-padding-left:0px;--awb-bg-color:#ffffff;--awb-bg-color-hover:#ffffff;--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-border-color:#999999;--awb-border-top:0;--awb-border-right:0;--awb-border-bottom:0;--awb-border-left:0;--awb-border-style:solid;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:21px;--awb-spacing-right-large:1.44%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:21px;--awb-spacing-left-large:1.92%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.44%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\" data-scroll-devices=\"small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-1\"><h2>History of Buddhism in India and Tibet<\/h2>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-2\"><p>Below are selected works on the general history of Buddhist thought, traditions, and culture. These include social and cultural histories, textual and doctrinal histories, and traditional Tibetan <em>chos \u2019byung<\/em> (histories of the Buddhist doctrine).<\/p>\n<p>For a more complete list of relevant resources, <a href=\"https:\/\/maitripa.org\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/22\/2026\/08\/History-of-Buddhism_Bibliography.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><u>click here<\/u><\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-3\"><h5><a href=\"#headings\">&nbsp;JABL Subject Headings<\/a>&nbsp; |&nbsp; <a href=\"#related\">Related Subject Guides<\/a>&nbsp; |&nbsp; <a href=\"#general\">History of Buddhism&#8211;General<\/a>&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href=\"#india\"> History of Buddhism in India<\/a> &nbsp;|&nbsp;&nbsp; <a href=\"#tibet\">History of Buddhism in Tibet&nbsp;<\/a>&nbsp; |&nbsp; <a href=\"#traditional\">Traditional Histories: Indian and Tibetan Buddhism<\/a>&nbsp; |&nbsp; <a href=\"#key\">Key Figures in the History of Tibetan Buddhism<\/a><\/h5>\n<hr>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-4\"><blockquote>\n<p>&#8220;All forms of Buddhism can welcome historical study as relevant and useful. Buddhist teachings have always told us that impermanence is a great, unalterable fact of our experience and that it is crucial for us to become comfortable with that fact. History is simply the study of how things change and develop, which is to say that history studies changing institutions and ideas. History studies impermanence, including the impermanent characteristic of Buddhist institutions, practices, philosophical systems, and sacred narratives.&#8221;&nbsp;&#8211;Rita Gross, &#8216;Why We Need to Know Our Buddhist History&#8217; (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.lionsroar.com\/commentary-why-we-need-to-know-our-buddhist-history\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Lion&#8217;s Roar<\/a>)<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-2 fusion-flex-container has-pattern-background has-mask-background nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:104%;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-1 fusion_builder_column_1_2 1_2 fusion-flex-column fusion-flex-align-self-flex-start\" style=\"--awb-padding-top:0px;--awb-padding-right:0px;--awb-padding-bottom:0px;--awb-padding-left:0px;--awb-bg-color:#ffffff;--awb-bg-color-hover:#ffffff;--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-border-color:#999999;--awb-border-top:0;--awb-border-right:0;--awb-border-bottom:0;--awb-border-left:0;--awb-border-style:solid;--awb-width-large:50%;--awb-margin-top-large:21px;--awb-spacing-right-large:2.88%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:21px;--awb-spacing-left-large:3.84%;--awb-width-medium:50%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:2.88%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:3.84%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\" data-scroll-devices=\"small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-menu-anchor\" id=\"headings\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-5\"><h3>JABL Subject Headings<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/maitripa.populiweb.com\/router\/library\/catalog\/subjects\/8672216\/show\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Buddhism&#8211;China&#8211;Tibet&#8211;History.<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/maitripa.populiweb.com\/router\/library\/catalog\/subjects\/8546413\/show\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Buddhism&#8211;History.<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/maitripa.populiweb.com\/router\/library\/catalog\/subjects\/11807906\/show\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Buddhism&#8211;India&#8211;History.<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-2 fusion_builder_column_1_2 1_2 fusion-flex-column fusion-flex-align-self-flex-start\" style=\"--awb-padding-top:0px;--awb-padding-right:0px;--awb-padding-bottom:0px;--awb-padding-left:0px;--awb-bg-color:#ffffff;--awb-bg-color-hover:#ffffff;--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-border-color:#999999;--awb-border-top:0;--awb-border-right:0;--awb-border-bottom:0;--awb-border-left:0;--awb-border-style:solid;--awb-width-large:50%;--awb-margin-top-large:21px;--awb-spacing-right-large:2.88%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:21px;--awb-spacing-left-large:3.84%;--awb-width-medium:50%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:2.88%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:3.84%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\" data-scroll-devices=\"small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-menu-anchor\" id=\"related\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-6\"><h3>Related Subject Guides<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/maitripa.org\/library\/subject-guides\/bodhisattva-ethics\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Bodhisattva Ethics<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/maitripa.org\/library\/subject-guides\/madhyamaka\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Madhyamaka<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/maitripa.org\/library\/subject-guides\/tantra-in-tibet\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Tantra in Tibet<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/maitripa.org\/library\/subject-guides\/theories-and-methods-of-buddhist-studies\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Theories and Methods of Buddhist Studies<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-3 fusion-flex-container nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:104%;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-3 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:1.92%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:0px;--awb-spacing-left-large:1.92%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-menu-anchor\" id=\"general\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-7\"><h3 style=\"text-align: left\">History of Buddhism<strong>\u2014<\/strong>General<\/h3>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-8\"><ul>\n<li>Gethin, Rupert. 1998. <em>The Foundations of Buddhism<\/em>. OPUS Series. Oxford University Press. <a href=\"https:\/\/maitripa.populiweb.com\/router\/library\/resources\/8590790\/show\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">JABL<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Gombrich, Richard F. 2009. <em>What the Buddha Thought<\/em>. Oxford Centre for Buddhist Studies Monographs. Equinox Publications. <a href=\"https:\/\/maitripa.populiweb.com\/router\/library\/resources\/8324287\/show\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">JABL<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Gross, Rita M. 1993. <em>Buddhism After Patriarchy: A Feminist History, Analysis, and Reconstruction of Buddhism<\/em>. State University of New York Press. <a href=\"https:\/\/maitripa.populiweb.com\/router\/library\/resources\/8320759\/show\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">JABL<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Harvey, Peter. 1990. <em>An Introduction to Buddhism: Teachings, History and Practices<\/em>. Cambridge University Press. <a href=\"https:\/\/maitripa.populiweb.com\/router\/library\/resources\/8306995\/show\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">JABL<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Lopez, Jr., Donald S. 2007. <em>Buddhism in Practice<\/em>. Princeton Readings in Religions. Princeton University Press. <a href=\"https:\/\/maitripa.populiweb.com\/router\/library\/resources\/8315419\/show\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">JABL<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Lopez, Jr., Donald S. 2024. <em>Buddhism: A Journey Through History<\/em>. Yale University Press. <a href=\"https:\/\/maitripa.populiweb.com\/router\/library\/resources\/14146399\/show\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">JABL<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Prebish, Charles S., and Damien Keown. 2010. <em>Introducing Buddhism<\/em>. Routledge. <a href=\"https:\/\/maitripa.populiweb.com\/router\/library\/resources\/14145150\/show\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">JABL<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Skilton, Andrew. 1994. <em>A Concise History of Buddhism<\/em>. Windhorse Publications. <a href=\"https:\/\/maitripa.populiweb.com\/router\/library\/resources\/8312659\/show\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">JABL<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Strong, John. 2002.&nbsp;<em>The Experience of Buddhism: Sources and Interpretations<\/em>. Wadsworth Publishing.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/maitripa.populiweb.com\/router\/library\/resources\/14145180\/show\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">JABL<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Tsomo, Karma Lekshe. 2020. <em>Women in Buddhist Traditions<\/em>. Women in Religions. New York University Press. JABL (coming soon)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-4 fusion-flex-container nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:104%;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-4 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:1.92%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:0px;--awb-spacing-left-large:1.92%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-menu-anchor\" id=\"india\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-9\"><h3 style=\"text-align: left\">History of Buddhism in India<\/h3>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-10\"><ul>\n<li>Bronkhorst, Johannes. 2009. <em>Buddhist Teaching in India<\/em>. Studies in Indian and Tibetan Buddhism. Wisdom Publications. <a href=\"https:\/\/maitripa.populiweb.com\/router\/library\/resources\/8315083\/show\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">JABL<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Burnouf, Eug\u00e8ne. (1876) 2010. <em>Introduction to the History of Indian Buddhism<\/em>. Translated by Donald S. Lopez, Jr. and Katia Buffetrille. University of Chicago Press. JABL (coming soon)<\/li>\n<li>Collins, Steven. 1990. <em>Selfless Persons: Imagery and Thought in Therav\u0101da Buddhism<\/em>. Cambridge University Press. <a href=\"https:\/\/maitripa.populiweb.com\/router\/library\/resources\/8323891\/show\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">JABL<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Davidson, Ronald. 2002. <em>Indian Esoteric Buddhism: A Social History of the Tantric Movement<\/em>. Columbia University Press. <a href=\"https:\/\/maitripa.populiweb.com\/router\/library\/resources\/8321593\/show\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">JABL<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Gombrich, Richard. 2006. <em>Therav\u0101da Buddhism: A Social History from Ancient Benares to Modern Colombo<\/em>. Routledge Taylor &amp; Francis Group. <a href=\"https:\/\/maitripa.populiweb.com\/router\/library\/resources\/8328403\/show\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">JABL<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Lamotte, \u00c9tienne. (1958) 1988. <em>History of Indian Buddhism: From the Origins to the \u015aaka Era<\/em>. Translated by Sara Webb-Boin. Publications de l\u2019Institut Orientaliste de Louvain 36. Universit\u00e9 catholique de Louvain, Institut orientaliste. <a href=\"https:\/\/maitripa.populiweb.com\/router\/library\/resources\/8316865\/show\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">JABL<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Prebish, Charles S. 1975. <em>Buddhist Monastic Discipline: The Sanskrit Pr\u0101timok\u1e63a S\u016btras of the Mah\u0101s\u0101\u1e43ghikas and M\u016blasarv\u0101stiv\u0101dins<\/em>. Pennsylvania State University Press. <a href=\"https:\/\/maitripa.populiweb.com\/router\/library\/resources\/8328469\/show\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">JABL<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Schopen, Gregory. 2005. <em>Figments and Fragments of Mah\u0101y\u0101na Buddhism in India: More Collected Papers<\/em>. University of Hawai\u2019i Press. <a href=\"https:\/\/maitripa.populiweb.com\/router\/library\/resources\/8319445\/show\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">JABL<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Williams, Paul, Anthony Tribe, and Alexander Wynne. 2000. <em>Buddhist Thought: A Complete Introduction to the Indian Tradition<\/em>. 2nd ed. Routledge, Taylor &amp; Francis. <a href=\"https:\/\/maitripa.populiweb.com\/router\/library\/resources\/8327701\/show\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">JABL<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-5 fusion-flex-container nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:104%;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-5 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:1.92%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:0px;--awb-spacing-left-large:1.92%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-menu-anchor\" id=\"tibet\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-11\"><h3 style=\"text-align: left\">History of Buddhism in Tibet<\/h3>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-12\"><h4>Modern Works<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>Davidson, Ronald M. 2008.&nbsp;<em>Tibetan Renaissance: Tantric Buddhism in the Rebirth of Tibetan Culture<\/em>. Motilal Banarsidass.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/maitripa.populiweb.com\/router\/library\/resources\/8319661\/show\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">JABL<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Goldstein, Melvyn, and Matthew Kapstein. 1998.&nbsp;<em>Buddhism in Contemporary Tibet: Religious Revival and Cultural Identity<\/em>. University of California Press.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/maitripa.populiweb.com\/router\/library\/resources\/8320255\/show\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">JABL<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Kapstein, Matthew T. 2006. <em>The Tibetans<\/em>. Peoples of Asia. Blackwell. <a href=\"https:\/\/maitripa.populiweb.com\/router\/library\/resources\/8318767\/show\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">JABL<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Kapstein, Matthew, Kurtis R. Schaeffer, and Gray Tuttle, eds. 2013. <em>Sources of Tibetan Tradition<\/em>. Introduction to Asian Civilizations. Columbia University Press. <a href=\"https:\/\/maitripa.populiweb.com\/router\/library\/resources\/8320525\/show\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">JABL<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Powers, John. 2007. <em>Introduction to Tibetan Buddhism<\/em>. Snow Lion Publications. <a href=\"https:\/\/maitripa.populiweb.com\/router\/library\/resources\/13658821\/show\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">JABL<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Samuel, Geoffrey. 2012. <em>Introducing Tibetan Buddhism<\/em>. Routledge. <a href=\"https:\/\/maitripa.populiweb.com\/router\/library\/resources\/14145433\/show\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">JABL<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Schaeffer, Kurtis R., and Gray Tuttle, eds. 2013. <em>The Tibetan History Reader<\/em>. Columbia University Press. <a href=\"https:\/\/maitripa.populiweb.com\/router\/library\/resources\/8320573\/show\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">JABL<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Snellgrove, David. 1987. <em>Indo-Tibetan Buddhism: Indian Buddhists and Their Tibetan Successors<\/em>. Two. Shambhala Publications. <a href=\"https:\/\/maitripa.populiweb.com\/router\/library\/resources\/8312131\/show\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">JABL<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Van Schaik, Sam. 2011. <em>Tibet: A History<\/em>. Yale University Press. <a href=\"https:\/\/maitripa.populiweb.com\/router\/library\/resources\/14146510\/show\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">JABL<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-6 fusion-flex-container nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:104%;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-6 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:1.92%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:0px;--awb-spacing-left-large:1.92%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-menu-anchor\" id=\"traditional\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-13\"><h3>Traditional Histories: Indian and Tibetan Buddhism<\/h3>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-14\"><p><strong>Chos &#8216;byung<\/strong> (\u0f46\u0f7c\u0f66\u0f0b\u0f60\u0f56\u0fb1\u0f74\u0f44\u0f0b): a religious history or Dharma history (lit. &#8220;Source of the Dharma&#8221;); a book on the history and origins of religion, particularly Buddhism.<\/p>\n<h4>Important Tibetan authors of <span style=\"font-style: normal !msorm\"><em>Chos \u2018byung<\/em><\/span>:<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>Buton Rinchen Drub (1290-1364) \u0f56\u0f74\u0f0b\u0f66\u0f9f\u0f7c\u0f53\u0f0b\u0f62\u0f72\u0f53\u0f0b\u0f46\u0f7a\u0f53\u0f0b\u0f42\u0fb2\u0f74\u0f56\u0f0b (Bu ston rin chen grub)<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: normal !msorm\">Go Lots\u0101wa Zhonnu Pel <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: normal !msorm\">(1392\u20131481) <\/span>\u0f60\u0f42\u0f7c\u0f66\u0f0b\u0f63\u0f7c\u0f0b\u0f59\u0f71\u0f0b\u0f56\u0f0b\u0f42\u0f5e\u0f7c\u0f53\u0f0b\u0f53\u0f74\u0f0b\u0f51\u0f54\u0f63\u0f0d (\u2018Gos lo tsA ba gzhon nu dpal)<\/li>\n<li>T\u0101ran\u0101tha (1575-1634) \u0f4f\u0f71\u0f0b\u0f62\u0f0b\u0f53\u0f71\u0f0b\u0f50\u0f0b (TA ra nA tha)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>English Translations<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>Bu-ston Rin-chen-grub, and Eug\u00e9ne Obermiller. (1932) 1998. <em>History of Buddhism (Chos-\u1e24byung)<\/em>. 2 vols. Materialien Zur Kunde Des Buddhismus; Hft. 18, 19; Hft. 18, 19. In kommission bei O. Harrassowitz. Reprint, Sri Satguru Publications. <a href=\"https:\/\/maitripa.populiweb.com\/router\/library\/resources\/8333281\/show\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">JABL<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Deyu, and Dan Martin. 2022. <em>A History of Buddhism in India and Tibet: An Expanded Version of the Dharma\u2019s Origins Made by the Learned Scholar Deyu<\/em>. Vol. 32. Library of Tibetan Classics. Wisdom Publications. <a href=\"https:\/\/maitripa.populiweb.com\/router\/library\/resources\/14145695\/show\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">JABL<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Gzhon-nu-dpal, Gos lo-tsa-ba, and George N. Roerich. (1949) 2016. <em>The Blue Annals<\/em>. Translated by George N. Roerich. 2 vols. Kolkata. Reprint, Motilal Banarsidass. <a href=\"https:\/\/maitripa.populiweb.com\/router\/library\/resources\/8311231\/show\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">JABL<\/a><\/li>\n<li>T\u0101ran\u0101tha. 1970. <em>T\u0101ran\u0101tha\u2019s History of Buddhism in India<\/em>. Edited by Debiprasad Chattopadhyaya. Translated by Alaka Chattopadhyaya and Lama Chimpa. Indian Institute of Advanced Study. <a href=\"https:\/\/maitripa.populiweb.com\/library\/resource.php?resourceID=8319733\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">JABL<\/a> (<a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/taranathas-history-of-buddhism-in-india\/page\/n1\/mode\/2up\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">archive.org<\/a>)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-7 fusion-flex-container has-pattern-background has-mask-background nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:104%;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-7 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:1.92%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:10px;--awb-spacing-left-large:1.92%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-menu-anchor\" id=\"key\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-15\"><h4><strong>Key Figures in the History of Tibetan Buddhism<\/strong><\/h4>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-8 fusion_builder_column_1_6 1_6 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:16.666666666667%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:11.52%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:10px;--awb-spacing-left-large:11.52%;--awb-width-medium:16.666666666667%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:11.52%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:11.52%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-16\"><p>569 or 617\u2013650<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-9 fusion_builder_column_5_6 5_6 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:83.333333333333%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:2.304%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:10px;--awb-spacing-left-large:2.304%;--awb-width-medium:83.333333333333%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:2.304%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:2.304%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-17\"><p><strong>Songtsen Gampo<\/strong> (Srong btsan sgam po)<br \/>\nConsidered the first of three great \u201cDharma kings\u201d; credited with establishing Buddhism as predominant religion in Tibet and with commissioning creation of the Tibetan script<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-10 fusion_builder_column_1_6 1_6 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:16.666666666667%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:11.52%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:10px;--awb-spacing-left-large:11.52%;--awb-width-medium:16.666666666667%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:11.52%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:11.52%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-18\"><p>?742\u2013?796<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-11 fusion_builder_column_5_6 5_6 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:83.333333333333%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:2.304%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:10px;--awb-spacing-left-large:2.304%;--awb-width-medium:83.333333333333%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:2.304%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:2.304%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-19\"><p><strong>Tri Songdetsen<\/strong> (Khri srong lde btsan)<br \/>\nConsidered the second great \u201cDharma king\u201d; remembered for his patronage of Buddhism and support in founding Samy\u00e9 monastery<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-12 fusion_builder_column_1_6 1_6 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:16.666666666667%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:11.52%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:10px;--awb-spacing-left-large:11.52%;--awb-width-medium:16.666666666667%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:11.52%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:11.52%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-20\"><p>Early\u2013late 8<sup>th<\/sup> c.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-13 fusion_builder_column_5_6 5_6 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:83.333333333333%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:2.304%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:10px;--awb-spacing-left-large:2.304%;--awb-width-medium:83.333333333333%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:2.304%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:2.304%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-21\"><p><strong>Padmasambhava<\/strong> (Pad ma \u2018byung gnas)<br \/>\nIndian tantric master invited to Tibet by Tri Songdetsen; claimed to have subjugated demons in Tibet; helped found Samy\u00e9 monastery; introduced important tantric teachings; became central figure in Nyingma tradition<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-14 fusion_builder_column_1_6 1_6 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:16.666666666667%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:11.52%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:10px;--awb-spacing-left-large:11.52%;--awb-width-medium:16.666666666667%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:11.52%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:11.52%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-22\"><p>725\u2013788<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-15 fusion_builder_column_5_6 5_6 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:83.333333333333%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:2.304%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:10px;--awb-spacing-left-large:2.304%;--awb-width-medium:83.333333333333%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:2.304%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:2.304%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-23\"><p><strong>\u015a\u0101ntarak\u1e63ita<\/strong> (Zhi ba \u2019tsho)<br \/>\nIndian abbot invited to Tibet by Tri Songdetsen; founded Samy\u00e9 monastery; presided over the ordination of the first Buddhist monks in Tibet<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-16 fusion_builder_column_1_6 1_6 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:16.666666666667%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:11.52%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:10px;--awb-spacing-left-large:11.52%;--awb-width-medium:16.666666666667%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:11.52%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:11.52%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-24\"><p>947\u20131019\/1024<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-17 fusion_builder_column_5_6 5_6 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:83.333333333333%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:2.304%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:10px;--awb-spacing-left-large:2.304%;--awb-width-medium:83.333333333333%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:2.304%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:2.304%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-25\"><p><strong>Lha Lama Yeshe Wo<\/strong> (Lha bla ma ye shes \u2019od)<br \/>\nKing of Gug\u00e9; sent young Tibetans, including&nbsp;Rinchen Zangpo, to study and train in India; invited&nbsp;Ati\u015ba&nbsp;to Tibet<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-18 fusion_builder_column_1_6 1_6 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:16.666666666667%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:11.52%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:10px;--awb-spacing-left-large:11.52%;--awb-width-medium:16.666666666667%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:11.52%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:11.52%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-26\"><p>958\u20131055<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-19 fusion_builder_column_5_6 5_6 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:83.333333333333%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:2.304%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:10px;--awb-spacing-left-large:2.304%;--awb-width-medium:83.333333333333%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:2.304%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:2.304%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-27\"><p><strong>Rinchen Zangpo<\/strong> (Rin chen bzang po)<br \/>\nExtremely important translator, responsible for translation of many Buddhist texts during Later Propagation of Buddhism&nbsp;(<em>tenpa chidar<\/em>)<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-20 fusion_builder_column_1_6 1_6 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:16.666666666667%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:11.52%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:10px;--awb-spacing-left-large:11.52%;--awb-width-medium:16.666666666667%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:11.52%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:11.52%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-28\"><p>982\u20131054<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-21 fusion_builder_column_5_6 5_6 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:83.333333333333%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:2.304%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:10px;--awb-spacing-left-large:2.304%;--awb-width-medium:83.333333333333%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:2.304%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:2.304%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-29\"><p><strong>Ati\u015ba<\/strong> <strong>D\u012bpa\u1e43kara<\/strong> (A ti sha Mar me mdzad dpal ye shes; Jo bo rje)<br \/>\nInvited from Vikrama\u015bila&nbsp;monastery-university to Tibet by the Gug\u00e9 kings; major figure in Later Propagation of Buddhism; inspiration for Kadam tradition; credited with propagation of Lamrim and Lojong teachings<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-22 fusion_builder_column_1_6 1_6 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:16.666666666667%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:11.52%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:10px;--awb-spacing-left-large:11.52%;--awb-width-medium:16.666666666667%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:11.52%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:11.52%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-30\"><p>992?\u20131043\/1072<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-23 fusion_builder_column_5_6 5_6 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:83.333333333333%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:2.304%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:10px;--awb-spacing-left-large:2.304%;--awb-width-medium:83.333333333333%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:2.304%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:2.304%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-31\"><p><strong>Drokmi \u015a\u0101kya Yeshe<\/strong> (\u2019Brog mi Sh\u0101k ya Ye shes)<br \/>\nTranslator primarily known for bringing Lamdre teachings to Tibet (basis for Sakya tradition)<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-24 fusion_builder_column_1_6 1_6 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:16.666666666667%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:11.52%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:10px;--awb-spacing-left-large:11.52%;--awb-width-medium:16.666666666667%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:11.52%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:11.52%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-32\"><p>1012?\u20131097<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-25 fusion_builder_column_5_6 5_6 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:83.333333333333%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:2.304%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:10px;--awb-spacing-left-large:2.304%;--awb-width-medium:83.333333333333%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:2.304%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:2.304%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-33\"><p><strong>Marpa Lots\u0101wa<\/strong> (Mar pa Chos kyi blo gros)<br \/>\nTibetan founder of the Kagyu sect; studied in India with&nbsp;N\u0101ropa&nbsp;and others; propagated Six Doctrines of N\u0101ropa and Mah\u0101mudr\u0101<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-26 fusion_builder_column_1_6 1_6 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:16.666666666667%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:11.52%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:10px;--awb-spacing-left-large:11.52%;--awb-width-medium:16.666666666667%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:11.52%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:11.52%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-34\"><p>1034\u20131102<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-27 fusion_builder_column_5_6 5_6 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:83.333333333333%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:2.304%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:10px;--awb-spacing-left-large:2.304%;--awb-width-medium:83.333333333333%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:2.304%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:2.304%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-35\"><p><strong>Khon Konchok Gyelpo <\/strong>(&#8216;Khon dkon mchog rgyal po)<br \/>\nFounder of Sakya tradition; disciple of Drokmi \u015a\u0101kya Yeshe; emphasized <em>Hevajra Tantra<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-28 fusion_builder_column_1_6 1_6 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:16.666666666667%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:11.52%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:10px;--awb-spacing-left-large:11.52%;--awb-width-medium:16.666666666667%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:11.52%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:11.52%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-36\"><p>1040\u20131123<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-29 fusion_builder_column_5_6 5_6 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:83.333333333333%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:2.304%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:10px;--awb-spacing-left-large:2.304%;--awb-width-medium:83.333333333333%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:2.304%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:2.304%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-37\"><p><strong>Milarepa<\/strong> (Mi la ras pa)<br \/>\nOne of the best-known Tibetan saints; primary figure in formation of Kagyu traditions; model of religious practice for Tibetans, famous for having purified sins of his youth and attaining enlightenment in one lifetime<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-30 fusion_builder_column_1_6 1_6 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:16.666666666667%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:11.52%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:10px;--awb-spacing-left-large:11.52%;--awb-width-medium:16.666666666667%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:11.52%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:11.52%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-38\"><p>1079\u20131153<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-31 fusion_builder_column_5_6 5_6 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:83.333333333333%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:2.304%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:10px;--awb-spacing-left-large:2.304%;--awb-width-medium:83.333333333333%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:2.304%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:2.304%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-39\"><p><strong>Gampopa Sonam Rinchen<\/strong> (Sgam po pa Bsod nams rin chen)<br \/>\nAlso known as Dakpo Lhaje; credited with founding Kagyu tradition; Kadam monk and disciple of Milarepa<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-32 fusion_builder_column_1_6 1_6 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:16.666666666667%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:11.52%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:10px;--awb-spacing-left-large:11.52%;--awb-width-medium:16.666666666667%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:11.52%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:11.52%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-40\"><p>1182\u20131251<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-33 fusion_builder_column_5_6 5_6 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:83.333333333333%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:2.304%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:10px;--awb-spacing-left-large:2.304%;--awb-width-medium:83.333333333333%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:2.304%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:2.304%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-41\"><p><strong>Sakya Pa\u1e47\u1e0dita Kunga Gyeltsen<\/strong> (Sa skya pa\u1e47\u1e0dita kun dga\u2019 rgyal mtshan)<br \/>\nCommonly known as Sapa\u1e47; major scholar of Sakya tradition (esp. logic, epistemology, etc.); one of the greatest savants and religious luminaries in history of Tibetan Buddhism<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-34 fusion_builder_column_1_6 1_6 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:16.666666666667%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:11.52%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:10px;--awb-spacing-left-large:11.52%;--awb-width-medium:16.666666666667%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:11.52%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:11.52%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-42\"><p>1292\u20131361<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-35 fusion_builder_column_5_6 5_6 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:83.333333333333%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:2.304%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:10px;--awb-spacing-left-large:2.304%;--awb-width-medium:83.333333333333%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:2.304%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:2.304%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-43\"><p><strong>D\u00f6lpopa Sh\u00e9rap Gyeltsen<\/strong>&nbsp;(<em>Dol po pa shes rab rgyal mtshan<\/em>)<br \/>\nOne of the most influential Buddhist masters in Tibetan history; became important scholar of Sakya tradition, but moved to&nbsp;Jonang Monastery; master of K\u0101lacakra teachings and proponent of \u201cother-emptiness\u201d (<em>zhentong<\/em>) view<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-36 fusion_builder_column_1_6 1_6 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:16.666666666667%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:11.52%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:10px;--awb-spacing-left-large:11.52%;--awb-width-medium:16.666666666667%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:11.52%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:11.52%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-44\"><p>1308\u20131364<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-37 fusion_builder_column_5_6 5_6 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:83.333333333333%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:2.304%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:10px;--awb-spacing-left-large:2.304%;--awb-width-medium:83.333333333333%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:2.304%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:2.304%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-45\"><p><strong>Longchenpa<\/strong> (Klong chen rab \u2019byams)&nbsp;<br \/>\nOne of the greatest philosophers and authors of Nyingma tradition; brought together disparate strands of Dzogchen teachings; trained in Kadam and Sakya monasteries before receiving Dzogchen Nyingtik transmissions<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-38 fusion_builder_column_1_6 1_6 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:16.666666666667%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:11.52%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:10px;--awb-spacing-left-large:11.52%;--awb-width-medium:16.666666666667%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:11.52%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:11.52%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-46\"><p>1357\u20131419<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-39 fusion_builder_column_5_6 5_6 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:83.333333333333%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:2.304%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:10px;--awb-spacing-left-large:2.304%;--awb-width-medium:83.333333333333%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:2.304%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:2.304%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-47\"><p><strong>Tsongkhapa<\/strong> (Tsong kha pa Blo bzang grags pa)<br \/>\nOne of the most influential Tibetan Buddhist scholars of the last millennium; studied with teachers of all traditions; developed fresh interpretation of N\u0101g\u0101rjuna&#8217;s Madhyamaka view and reinvigorated monastic traditions; founder of Ganden (Gelug) tradition<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-8 fusion-flex-container has-pattern-background has-mask-background nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-background-color:#f1f1f1;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:104%;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-40 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-blend:overlay;--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:1.92%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:0px;--awb-spacing-left-large:1.92%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-48\"><p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<hr>\n<h5 style=\"text-align: center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/maitripa.org\/library\/subject-guides\/bodhisattva-ethics\/\">Bodhisattva Ethics<\/a>&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp; <a href=\"https:\/\/maitripa.org\/library\/subject-guides\/buddha-nature\/\">Buddha Nature<\/a>&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp; <a href=\"https:\/\/maitripa.org\/library\/subject-guides\/buddhist-psychology\/\">Buddhist Psychology<\/a>&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp; <a href=\"https:\/\/maitripa.org\/library\/subject-guides\/calm-abiding\/\">Calm Abiding<\/a> &nbsp; |&nbsp; &nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/maitripa.org\/library\/subject-guides\/chittamatra\/\">Chittamatra<\/a>&nbsp; &nbsp;|&nbsp; &nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/maitripa.org\/library\/subject-guides\/classical-tibetan-texts-and-translation\/\">Classical Tibetan<\/a>&nbsp; &nbsp;|&nbsp;&nbsp; <a href=\"https:\/\/maitripa.org\/library\/subject-guides\/death-and-dying\/\">Death and Dying<\/a> &nbsp; |&nbsp; <a href=\"https:\/\/maitripa.org\/library\/subject-guides\/history-of-buddhism-in-india-and-tibet\/\">History of Buddhism in India and Tibet&nbsp;<\/a> &nbsp;|&nbsp; &nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/maitripa.org\/library\/subject-guides\/kangyur-and-tengyur\/\">Kangyur and Tengyur<\/a>&nbsp; |&nbsp; <a href=\"https:\/\/maitripa.org\/library\/subject-guides\/lama-tsongkhapa-life-and-works\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Lama Tsongkhapa: Life and Works<\/a>&nbsp; &nbsp;|&nbsp; &nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/maitripa.org\/library\/subject-guides\/lamrim\/\">Lamrim<\/a>&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp; <a href=\"https:\/\/maitripa.org\/library\/subject-guides\/lojong\/\">Lojong<\/a>&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp; <a href=\"https:\/\/maitripa.org\/library\/subject-guides\/madhyamaka\/\">Madhyamaka<\/a> &nbsp; |&nbsp; <a href=\"https:\/\/maitripa.org\/library\/subject-guides\/ganden-kagyu-mahamudra\/\">Mahamudra<\/a> &nbsp; |&nbsp; <a href=\"https:\/\/maitripa.org\/library\/subject-guides\/nalanda-masters\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Nalanda Masters<\/a>&nbsp; |&nbsp; <a href=\"https:\/\/maitripa.org\/library\/subject-guides\/research-and-writing-guide\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Research and Writing Guide<\/a>&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/maitripa.org\/library\/subject-guides\/six-session-guru-yoga-and-highest-yoga-tantra-empowerment\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Six-Session Guru Yoga<\/a>&nbsp; &nbsp;|&nbsp; &nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/maitripa.org\/library\/subject-guides\/songs-of-realization\/\">Songs of Realization<\/a>&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp; <a href=\"https:\/\/maitripa.org\/library\/subject-guides\/tantra-in-tibet\/\">Tantra in Tibet<\/a>&nbsp; |&nbsp; <a href=\"https:\/\/maitripa.org\/library\/subject-guides\/theories-and-methods-of-buddhist-studies\/\">Theories and Methods in Buddhist Studies<\/a>&nbsp; &nbsp;|&nbsp; &nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/maitripa.org\/library\/subject-guides\/tibetan-medicine\/\">Tibetan Medicine<\/a><\/h5>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":13,"featured_media":0,"parent":950,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1602","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.2 (Yoast SEO v28.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>History of Buddhism in India and Tibet - Maitripa College Library<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/maitripa.org\/library\/subject-guides\/history-of-buddhism-in-india-and-tibet\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"History of Buddhism in India and Tibet\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/maitripa.org\/library\/subject-guides\/history-of-buddhism-in-india-and-tibet\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Maitripa College Library\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-08-18T17:12:10+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"7 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/maitripa.org\\\/library\\\/subject-guides\\\/history-of-buddhism-in-india-and-tibet\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/maitripa.org\\\/library\\\/subject-guides\\\/history-of-buddhism-in-india-and-tibet\\\/\",\"name\":\"History of Buddhism in India and Tibet - Maitripa College Library\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"\\\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2023-11-07T22:11:42+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-08-18T17:12:10+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/maitripa.org\\\/library\\\/subject-guides\\\/history-of-buddhism-in-india-and-tibet\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/maitripa.org\\\/library\\\/subject-guides\\\/history-of-buddhism-in-india-and-tibet\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/maitripa.org\\\/library\\\/subject-guides\\\/history-of-buddhism-in-india-and-tibet\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/maitripa.org\\\/library\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Subject Guides\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/maitripa.org\\\/library\\\/subject-guides\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"History of Buddhism in India and Tibet\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"\\\/\",\"name\":\"Maitripa College Library\",\"description\":\"James A. 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